Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Epinephrine Pediatrics
Epinephrine 0.3 Adults
Epinephrine Injection USP
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
Octocaine 100
Auvi-Q
QKit Procedure Tray
Adyphren Kit
Numquick Analgesic
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Zone 2
D-Care 100X
SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution
Lignospan Forte
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
Ultracaine DS Inj
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
Dysne Inhal
Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector
Marcaine E
Articadent
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000
Twinject
Septocaine and Epinephrine
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
Lignospan Standard
EpinephrineSnap-V
Crown-pak Max 4-ply
Adrenalin(r)
E-pilo-4 Oph Soln
Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Epinephrine Chloride Solution
Symjepi
Epinephrine Professional EMS
Septocaine
Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
Octocaine 50
Medihaler-Epi
Xylocaine MPF
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
Marcaine
Epipen Jr
Adrenalin (epinephrine in sodium chloride)
Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Prime Asthma Relief
Orostat 8%
Septanest Sp
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
Ana-kit
Orabloc 1:100,000
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine
The Solution
Basic Dental Emergency Kit
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
EpiPen
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine
Numquick Topical Analgesic
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Gingi-pak Pellets
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00
Blue Gel Anesthetic
Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
EpiPen Jr
E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution
Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Sensorcaine Forte
Gingi-pak Max 2-ply
Leep RediKit
Posicaine N
Xylocaine with epinephrine
Orabloc 1:200,000
Marcaine With Epinephrine
EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Adyphren Amp II Kit
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI
Xylocaine-mpf With Epi
Adrenalin Vials
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
Ultacan
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Adrenalin Topical Solution
Gold Label Anorectal Numbing Spray
E-pilo-2 Oph Soln
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Orabloc
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
EPY II Kit
Xylocaine
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Primatene Mist
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
Ephinephrine
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
E-pilo-6 Oph Soln
Articaine
E-pilo-1 Oph Soln
Zorcaine
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
Ultracaine D-S Injection
Lidocaine Hci
Neffy
Adyphren Amp Kit
Septanest N
Allerject
EPY Kit
Lidocaine
Vivacaine
Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
Epinephrine Professional
Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit
Marcaine with Epinephrine
Taroclick Epinephrine
Gingi Pak Cord No 1
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1
Anapen Junior
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im)
Citanest Forte DENTAL
Epinephrine
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Citanest Forte
LIDOCAINE HCl
Lidosite
Emerade
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
Epinephrine 0.15 Pediatrics
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000
Minnerva II
Adyphren II Kit
Ultacan Forte
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3
LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE
Lignospan Speciale Inj
Pro Numb
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000
Epinephrinesnap-V
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50%
Adrenaclick
Adrenalin
Anapen
Sensorcaine Mpf
Vasocaine
Epinephrine Injection
Primatene Mist Refill
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose
Epipen
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
Lixtraxen 1%
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
Indication
Epinephrine injection and nasal spray are indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.[L41260, L51798] Epinephrine injection is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is so used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open-angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682
