3VHX | pdb_00003vhx

The crystal structure of Arf6-MKLP1 (Mitotic kinesin-like protein 1) complex

External Resource: Annotation

Domain Annotation: SCOP/SCOPe Classification
Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification
Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification
Domain Annotation: CATH
Protein Family Annotation
Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation
InterPro: Protein Family Classification
Pharos: Disease Associations

Domain Annotation: SCOP/SCOPe Classification SCOP-e Database Homepage

Chains	Domain Info	Class	Fold	Superfamily	Family	Domain	Species	Provenance Source (Version)
A	d3vhxa1	Alpha and beta proteins (a/b)	P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases	P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases	G proteins	ADP-ribosylation factor	mouse (Mus musculus ) [TaxId: 10090 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
A	d3vhxa2	Artifacts	Tags	Tags	Tags	N-terminal Tags	mouse (Mus musculus ) [TaxId: 10090 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
C	d3vhxc1	Alpha and beta proteins (a/b)	P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases	P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases	G proteins	ADP-ribosylation factor	mouse (Mus musculus ) [TaxId: 10090 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
C	d3vhxc2	Artifacts	Tags	Tags	Tags	N-terminal Tags	mouse (Mus musculus ) [TaxId: 10090 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
E	d3vhxe1	Alpha and beta proteins (a/b)	P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases	P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases	G proteins	ADP-ribosylation factor	mouse (Mus musculus ) [TaxId: 10090 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
E	d3vhxe2	Artifacts	Tags	Tags	Tags	N-terminal Tags	mouse (Mus musculus ) [TaxId: 10090 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
G	d3vhxg1	Alpha and beta proteins (a/b)	P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases	P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases	G proteins	ADP-ribosylation factor	mouse (Mus musculus ) [TaxId: 10090 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
G	d3vhxg2	Artifacts	Tags	Tags	Tags	N-terminal Tags	mouse (Mus musculus ) [TaxId: 10090 ],	SCOPe (2.08)

Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification SCOP2 Database Homepage

Chains	Type	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Family Identifier	Provenance Source (Version)
A	SCOP2 Family	Ras-like monodomain GTPases	8056740	4004043	SCOP2 (2022-06-29)
A	SCOP2 Superfamily	Ras-like P-loop GTPases	8056741	3002022	SCOP2 (2022-06-29)
C	SCOP2B Superfamily	Ras-like P-loop GTPases	8056741	3002022	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
E	SCOP2B Superfamily	Ras-like P-loop GTPases	8056741	3002022	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
G	SCOP2B Superfamily	Ras-like P-loop GTPases	8056741	3002022	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
B	SCOP2B Superfamily	MKLP1 Arf6-interacting domain-like	8091788	3002543	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
D	SCOP2B Superfamily	MKLP1 Arf6-interacting domain-like	8091788	3002543	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
F	SCOP2 Family	MKLP1 Arf6-interacting domain-like	8045743	4004655	SCOP2 (2022-06-29)
F	SCOP2 Superfamily	MKLP1 Arf6-interacting domain-like	8091788	3002543	SCOP2 (2022-06-29)
H	SCOP2B Superfamily	MKLP1 Arf6-interacting domain-like	8091788	3002543	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)

Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification ECOD Database Homepage

Chains	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Architecture	Possible Homology	Homology	Topology	Family	Provenance Source (Version)
A	Ras	e3vhxA1	A: a/b three-layered sandwiches	X: P-loop domains-like	H: P-loop domains-related	T: P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases	F: Ras	ECOD (1.6)
C	Ras	e3vhxC1	A: a/b three-layered sandwiches	X: P-loop domains-like	H: P-loop domains-related	T: P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases	F: Ras	ECOD (1.6)
E	Ras	e3vhxE1	A: a/b three-layered sandwiches	X: P-loop domains-like	H: P-loop domains-related	T: P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases	F: Ras	ECOD (1.6)
G	Ras	e3vhxG1	A: a/b three-layered sandwiches	X: P-loop domains-like	H: P-loop domains-related	T: P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases	F: Ras	ECOD (1.6)
B	MKLP1_Arf_bdg	e3vhxB1	A: a/b three-layered sandwiches	X: Kinesin-like protein KIF23 C-terminal domain (From Topology)	H: Kinesin-like protein KIF23 C-terminal domain (From Topology)	T: Kinesin-like protein KIF23 C-terminal domain	F: MKLP1_Arf_bdg	ECOD (1.6)
D	MKLP1_Arf_bdg	e3vhxD1	A: a/b three-layered sandwiches	X: Kinesin-like protein KIF23 C-terminal domain (From Topology)	H: Kinesin-like protein KIF23 C-terminal domain (From Topology)	T: Kinesin-like protein KIF23 C-terminal domain	F: MKLP1_Arf_bdg	ECOD (1.6)
F	MKLP1_Arf_bdg	e3vhxF1	A: a/b three-layered sandwiches	X: Kinesin-like protein KIF23 C-terminal domain (From Topology)	H: Kinesin-like protein KIF23 C-terminal domain (From Topology)	T: Kinesin-like protein KIF23 C-terminal domain	F: MKLP1_Arf_bdg	ECOD (1.6)
H	MKLP1_Arf_bdg	e3vhxH2	A: a/b three-layered sandwiches	X: Kinesin-like protein KIF23 C-terminal domain (From Topology)	H: Kinesin-like protein KIF23 C-terminal domain (From Topology)	T: Kinesin-like protein KIF23 C-terminal domain	F: MKLP1_Arf_bdg	ECOD (1.6)

Domain Annotation: CATH CATH Database Homepage

Chain	Domain	Class	Architecture	Topology	Homology	Provenance Source (Version)
A	3.40.50.300	Alpha Beta	3-Layer(aba) Sandwich	Rossmann fold	P-loop containing nucleotide triphosphate hydrolases	CATH (4.3.0)
C	3.40.50.300	Alpha Beta	3-Layer(aba) Sandwich	Rossmann fold	P-loop containing nucleotide triphosphate hydrolases	CATH (4.3.0)
E	3.40.50.300	Alpha Beta	3-Layer(aba) Sandwich	Rossmann fold	P-loop containing nucleotide triphosphate hydrolases	CATH (4.3.0)
G	3.40.50.300	Alpha Beta	3-Layer(aba) Sandwich	Rossmann fold	P-loop containing nucleotide triphosphate hydrolases	CATH (4.3.0)
B	2.60.40.4330	Mainly Beta	Sandwich	Immunoglobulin-like	Kinesin-like protein Kif23, Arf6-interacting domain	CATH (4.3.0)
D	2.60.40.4330	Mainly Beta	Sandwich	Immunoglobulin-like	Kinesin-like protein Kif23, Arf6-interacting domain	CATH (4.3.0)
F	2.60.40.4330	Mainly Beta	Sandwich	Immunoglobulin-like	Kinesin-like protein Kif23, Arf6-interacting domain	CATH (4.3.0)
H	2.60.40.4330	Mainly Beta	Sandwich	Immunoglobulin-like	Kinesin-like protein Kif23, Arf6-interacting domain	CATH (4.3.0)

Protein Family Annotation Pfam Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Description	Comments	Source
A, C, E, G	PF00025	ADP-ribosylation factor family (Arf)	ADP-ribosylation factor family	Pfam combines a number of different Prosite families together	Domain
B, D, F, H	PF16540	Arf6-interacting domain of mitotic kinesin-like protein 1 (MKLP1_Arf_bdg)	Arf6-interacting domain of mitotic kinesin-like protein 1	This family is a C-terminal region of mitotic kinesin-like proteins that is necessary for the interaction with the small GTPase Arf6. MKLP1 is a Flemming body-localising protein essential for cytokinesis, so its interaction with Arf6 shows how Arf6 i ...	This family is a C-terminal region of mitotic kinesin-like proteins that is necessary for the interaction with the small GTPase Arf6. MKLP1 is a Flemming body-localising protein essential for cytokinesis, so its interaction with Arf6 shows how Arf6 is involved in cytokinesis. The Arf6-MKLP1 complex plays a crucial role in cytokinesis by connecting the microtubule bundle and membranes at the cleavage plane [1].	Domain

Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation Gene Ontology Database Homepage

Chains	Polymer	Molecular Function	Biological Process	Cellular Component
A, C, E, G	ADP-ribosylation factor 6	thioesterase binding protein binding binding enzyme binding pyrophosphatase activity GTPase activity ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in phosphorus-containing anhydrides hydrolase activity hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides catalytic activity protein-macromolecule adaptor activity molecular adaptor activity signaling adaptor activity thioesterase binding protein binding binding enzyme binding pyrophosphatase activity GTPase activity ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in phosphorus-containing anhydrides hydrolase activity hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides catalytic activity protein-macromolecule adaptor activity molecular adaptor activity signaling adaptor activity guanyl nucleotide binding GTP binding nucleotide binding guanyl ribonucleotide binding purine ribonucleotide binding purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding nucleoside phosphate binding ion binding purine nucleotide binding anion binding heterocyclic compound binding carbohydrate derivative binding ribonucleotide binding small molecule binding GDP binding G protein activity molecular function regulator activity	regulation of localization regulation of biological process regulation of protein localization biological regulation negative regulation of biological process localization negative regulation of protein localization to cell surface protein localization to cell surface macromolecule localization regulation of protein localization to cell surface intracellular protein localization negative regulation of protein localization cellular response to stimulus regulation of signaling regulation of localization regulation of biological process regulation of protein localization biological regulation negative regulation of biological process localization negative regulation of protein localization to cell surface protein localization to cell surface macromolecule localization regulation of protein localization to cell surface intracellular protein localization negative regulation of protein localization cellular response to stimulus regulation of signaling small GTPase-mediated signal transduction regulation of cellular process response to stimulus signaling regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction Rac protein signal transduction regulation of signal transduction intracellular signal transduction regulation of Rac protein signal transduction cell communication regulation of intracellular signal transduction regulation of response to stimulus intracellular signaling cassette regulation of cell communication cellular process signal transduction cell division positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane cellular localization positive regulation of biological process regulation of protein localization to membrane positive regulation of cellular process positive regulation of protein localization to cell periphery protein localization to cell periphery protein localization to plasma membrane positive regulation of protein localization to membrane regulation of protein localization to cell periphery localization within membrane protein localization to membrane regulation of cellular localization positive regulation of protein localization regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane establishment of cell polarity establishment of epithelial cell polarity establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulation of neuron projection development multicellular organismal process regulation of cellular component organization regulation of developmental process cellular developmental process cell projection organization cell development neuron projection development cellular component organization neurogenesis multicellular organism development neuron differentiation dendrite development cell differentiation anatomical structure development negative regulation of cellular process cellular component organization or biogenesis negative regulation of cell projection organization system development developmental process plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization negative regulation of cellular component organization regulation of cell projection organization negative regulation of developmental process nervous system development negative regulation of neuron projection development negative regulation of dendrite development generation of neurons regulation of dendrite development neuron development regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization cellular response to endogenous stimulus cellular response to growth factor stimulus response to endogenous stimulus cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus response to nerve growth factor response to growth factor protein localization to cleavage furrow protein localization to cell division site positive regulation of cellular component organization positive regulation of neuron projection development positive regulation of cell projection organization regulation of dendritic spine development dendritic spine development organelle organization actin cytoskeleton organization cortical actin cytoskeleton organization cortical cytoskeleton organization actin filament-based process cytoskeleton organization positive regulation of locomotion regulation of cell motility regulation of keratinocyte migration positive regulation of cell migration positive regulation of epithelial cell migration tissue migration ameboidal-type cell migration positive regulation of cell motility regulation of cell migration cell migration regulation of multicellular organismal process epithelial cell migration cell motility regulation of epithelial cell migration locomotion epithelium migration regulation of locomotion positive regulation of keratinocyte migration keratinocyte migration cellular component disassembly regulation of focal adhesion disassembly focal adhesion disassembly cell junction disassembly cell-substrate junction disassembly positive regulation of cell-substrate junction organization cell junction organization positive regulation of focal adhesion disassembly cell-substrate junction organization regulation of cell-substrate junction organization hepaticobiliary system development gland development animal organ development liver development maintenance of synapse structure postsynapse organization cellular component maintenance maintenance of postsynaptic density structure cell junction maintenance maintenance of postsynaptic specialization structure postsynaptic density organization synapse organization postsynaptic specialization organization synaptic vesicle endocytosis import into cell transport synaptic vesicle cycle establishment of localization vesicle-mediated transport presynaptic endocytosis vesicle-mediated transport in synapse synaptic vesicle recycling establishment of localization in cell endocytosis protein localization to endosome protein localization to organelle establishment of protein localization nitrogen compound transport protein transport regulation of presynapse assembly cellular component biogenesis cellular component assembly regulation of presynapse organization cell junction assembly regulation of synapse structure or activity regulation of synapse assembly regulation of biological quality presynapse organization regulation of cellular component biogenesis regulation of cell junction assembly regulation of synapse organization synapse assembly presynapse assembly positive regulation of cell division cytoskeleton-dependent cytokinesis regulation of mitotic cytokinetic process positive regulation of mitotic cytokinesis mitotic cytokinetic process mitotic cytokinesis mitotic cell cycle regulation of cell division regulation of mitotic cytokinesis positive regulation of cytokinesis positive regulation of mitotic cytokinetic process positive regulation of cell cycle process cell cycle regulation of cell cycle cell cycle process regulation of cytokinesis regulation of cell cycle process cytokinesis regulation of cytokinetic process positive regulation of cell cycle mitotic cell cycle process cytokinetic process positive regulation of establishment of protein localization positive regulation of secretion by cell protein localization to extracellular region positive regulation of protein transport regulation of secretion by cell secretion by cell positive regulation of secretion regulation of transport secretion regulation of establishment of protein localization establishment of protein localization to extracellular region export from cell regulation of protein transport protein secretion positive regulation of protein secretion regulation of protein secretion regulation of secretion positive regulation of transport myeloid cell apoptotic process erythrocyte apoptotic process apoptotic process cell death programmed cell death ruffle organization plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly ruffle assembly cell projection assembly hepatocyte apoptotic process epithelial cell apoptotic process positive regulation of organelle organization regulation of cytoskeleton organization regulation of actin filament-based process regulation of cellular component size regulation of protein-containing complex assembly positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly positive regulation of protein polymerization protein-containing complex assembly regulation of actin filament polymerization protein polymerization actin polymerization or depolymerization regulation of actin filament organization actin filament polymerization protein-containing complex organization positive regulation of cellular component biogenesis positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization regulation of actin polymerization or depolymerization actin filament organization positive regulation of supramolecular fiber organization regulation of organelle organization regulation of protein polymerization regulation of actin filament length regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization regulation of supramolecular fiber organization supramolecular fiber organization positive regulation of actin filament polymerization regulation of anatomical structure size positive regulation of response to biotic stimulus immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway response to biotic stimulus immune response-activating signaling pathway positive regulation of immune response regulation of immune system process positive regulation of immune system process cell surface toll-like receptor signaling pathway innate immune response-activating signaling pathway immune response response to other organism immune response-activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway regulation of innate immune response response to external stimulus regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway defense response to other organism regulation of pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of defense response activation of innate immune response regulation of immune response activation of immune response regulation of defense response regulation of response to biotic stimulus biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms regulation of response to external stimulus innate immune response activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of response to stimulus positive regulation of response to external stimulus immune response-regulating signaling pathway regulation of response to stress response to stress innate immune response response to external biotic stimulus cell surface pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of innate immune response cell surface receptor signaling pathway defense response defense response to symbiont immune system process toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway filopodium assembly regulation of cell projection assembly regulation of filopodium assembly regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly intracellular transport endocytic recycling endosomal transport vesicle-mediated transport to the plasma membrane	cellular anatomical structure intracellular anatomical structure cytoplasm cytosol membrane-bounded organelle intracellular vesicle intracellular membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle cytoplasmic vesicle organelle vesicle endocytic vesicle synapse cell junction cellular anatomical structure intracellular anatomical structure cytoplasm cytosol membrane-bounded organelle intracellular vesicle intracellular membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle cytoplasmic vesicle organelle vesicle endocytic vesicle synapse cell junction glutamatergic synapse Golgi apparatus endomembrane system ruffle cell projection cell leading edge plasma membrane bounded cell projection postsynapse myelin sheath cell periphery cell cortex plasma membrane membrane presynapse cell division site cleavage furrow plasma membrane region endosome membrane endosome recycling endosome cytoplasmic vesicle membrane bounding membrane of organelle recycling endosome membrane vesicle membrane organelle membrane early endosome early endosome membrane Flemming body midbody filopodium membrane actin-based cell projection filopodium cell projection membrane
B, D, F, H	Kinesin-like protein KIF23	microtubule motor activity polypeptide conformation or assembly isomerase activity isomerase activity cytoskeletal motor activity macromolecular conformation isomerase activity catalytic activity ATP-dependent activity binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding nucleotide binding purine ribonucleotide binding purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding nucleoside phosphate binding ion binding microtubule motor activity polypeptide conformation or assembly isomerase activity isomerase activity cytoskeletal motor activity macromolecular conformation isomerase activity catalytic activity ATP-dependent activity binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding nucleotide binding purine ribonucleotide binding purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding nucleoside phosphate binding ion binding purine nucleotide binding anion binding adenyl nucleotide binding ATP binding heterocyclic compound binding carbohydrate derivative binding ribonucleotide binding small molecule binding cytoskeletal protein binding microtubule binding protein binding tubulin binding pyrophosphatase activity ATP hydrolysis activity ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in phosphorus-containing anhydrides hydrolase activity hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides	mitotic spindle elongation spindle midzone assembly spindle elongation microtubule cytoskeleton organization membraneless organelle assembly mitotic cell cycle cellular component organization cellular component biogenesis cellular component assembly mitotic sister chromatid segregation cell cycle cellular component organization or biogenesis chromosome segregation microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in mitosis mitotic spindle elongation spindle midzone assembly spindle elongation microtubule cytoskeleton organization membraneless organelle assembly mitotic cell cycle cellular component organization cellular component biogenesis cellular component assembly mitotic sister chromatid segregation cell cycle cellular component organization or biogenesis chromosome segregation microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in mitosis spindle organization cell cycle process mitotic nuclear division organelle assembly organelle fission chromosome organization sister chromatid segregation spindle assembly mitotic spindle organization mitotic spindle assembly organelle organization nuclear division mitotic cell cycle process nuclear chromosome segregation cellular process microtubule-based process mitotic spindle midzone assembly cytoskeleton organization regulation of cytokinesis regulation of biological process regulation of cellular process positive regulation of cell division regulation of cell cycle process biological regulation positive regulation of biological process cytokinesis positive regulation of cell cycle regulation of cell division positive regulation of cytokinesis positive regulation of cell cycle process cell division regulation of cell cycle positive regulation of cellular process cytoskeleton-dependent cytokinesis mitotic cytokinesis microtubule-based movement	membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle cellular anatomical structure intracellular anatomical structure mitochondrion organelle cytoplasm intracellular membrane-bounded organelle midbody anchoring junction cell junction focal adhesion cell-substrate junction centrosome membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle cellular anatomical structure intracellular anatomical structure mitochondrion organelle cytoplasm intracellular membrane-bounded organelle midbody anchoring junction cell junction focal adhesion cell-substrate junction centrosome microtubule organizing center cytoskeleton membraneless organelle intracellular membraneless organelle microtubule cytoskeleton cytosol protein-containing complex microtubule associated complex kinesin complex mitotic spindle spindle nucleus membrane-enclosed lumen intracellular organelle lumen nucleoplasm organelle lumen nuclear lumen centralspindlin complex intracellular protein-containing complex Flemming body polymeric cytoskeletal fiber supramolecular fiber microtubule supramolecular polymer supramolecular complex

InterPro: Protein Family Classification InterPro Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Type
A, C, E, G	IPR027417	P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase	Homologous Superfamily
A, C, E, G	IPR006689	Small GTPase superfamily, ARF/SAR type	Family
A, C, E, G	IPR041838	ADP-ribosylation factor 6	Family
A, C, E, G	IPR005225	Small GTP-binding domain	Domain
A, C, E, G	IPR024156	Small GTPase superfamily, ARF type	Family
B, D, F, H	IPR036961	Kinesin motor domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
B, D, F, H	IPR001752	Kinesin motor domain	Domain
B, D, F, H	IPR027417	P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase	Homologous Superfamily
B, D, F, H	IPR038105	Kinesin-like protein Kif23, Arf6-interacting domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
B, D, F, H	IPR027640	Kinesin-like protein	Family
B, D, F, H	IPR032384	Kinesin-like protein Kif23, Arf6-interacting domain	Domain
B, D, F, H	IPR019821	Kinesin motor domain, conserved site	Conserved Site

Pharos: Disease Associations Pharos Homepage Annotation

Chains	Drug Target	Associated Disease
B, D, F, H	Pharos: Q02241	congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type 3 medulloblastoma ovarian cancer primitive neuroectodermal tumor adrenal cortex carcinoma breast cancer endometriosis IgA glomerulonephritis lung cancer malignant mesothelioma nasopharyngeal carcinoma pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous carcinoma psoriasis atopic eczema breast carcinoma congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type 3 medulloblastoma ovarian cancer primitive neuroectodermal tumor adrenal cortex carcinoma breast cancer endometriosis IgA glomerulonephritis lung cancer malignant mesothelioma nasopharyngeal carcinoma pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous carcinoma psoriasis atopic eczema breast carcinoma Cytopenia glioblastoma invasive ductal breast carcinoma malignant ependymoma malignant pancreatic neoplasm non-small cell lung carcinoma pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor congenital anemia ductal breast carcinoma in situ hepatocellular carcinoma large cell medulloblastoma malignant glioma

RCSB PDB Core Operations are funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (DBI-2321666), the US Department of Energy (DE-SC0019749), and the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant R01GM157729.