Molecular architecture and spatial organization of proteasomes in the human sperm nucleus
Kolata, P., dos Santos, A., Knowles, O., Dendooven, T., Allegretti, M.(2026) Nat Struct Mol Biol 
Experimental Data Snapshot
Starting Model: experimental
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wwPDB Validation 3D Report Full Report
(2026) Nat Struct Mol Biol 
Macromolecule Content 
Entity ID: 1 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molecule | Chains | Sequence Length | Organism | Details | Image |
| Proteasome subunit alpha type-6 | A, L [auth O] | 246 | Homo sapiens | Mutation(s): 0  | ![]() |
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources | |||||
PHAROS:  P60900 GTEx:  ENSG00000100902  | |||||
Entity Groups | |||||
| Sequence Clusters | 30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity | ||||
| UniProt Group | P60900 | ||||
Sequence AnnotationsExpand | |||||
Reference Sequence | |||||
Entity ID: 2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molecule | Chains | Sequence Length | Organism | Details | Image |
| Proteasome subunit alpha type-2 | B, M [auth P] | 234 | Homo sapiens | Mutation(s): 0  | ![]() |
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources | |||||
PHAROS:  P25787 GTEx:  ENSG00000106588  | |||||
Entity Groups | |||||
| Sequence Clusters | 30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity | ||||
| UniProt Group | P25787 | ||||
Sequence AnnotationsExpand | |||||
Reference Sequence | |||||
Entity ID: 3 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molecule | Chains | Sequence Length | Organism | Details | Image |
| Proteasome subunit alpha type-1 | C [auth F], Q [auth T] | 263 | Homo sapiens | Mutation(s): 0  | ![]() |
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources | |||||
PHAROS:  P25786 GTEx:  ENSG00000129084  | |||||
Entity Groups | |||||
| Sequence Clusters | 30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity | ||||
| UniProt Group | P25786 | ||||
Sequence AnnotationsExpand | |||||
Reference Sequence | |||||
Entity ID: 4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molecule | Chains | Sequence Length | Organism | Details | Image |
| Proteasome subunit alpha type-3 | D [auth G], R [auth U] | 255 | Homo sapiens | Mutation(s): 0  | ![]() |
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources | |||||
PHAROS:  P25788 GTEx:  ENSG00000100567  | |||||
Entity Groups | |||||
| Sequence Clusters | 30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity | ||||
| UniProt Group | P25788 | ||||
Sequence AnnotationsExpand | |||||
Reference Sequence | |||||
Entity ID: 5 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molecule | Chains | Sequence Length | Organism | Details | Image |
| Proteasome subunit beta type-6 | E [auth H], S [auth V] | 205 | Homo sapiens | Mutation(s): 0  EC: 3.4.25.1 | ![]() |
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources | |||||
PHAROS:  P28072 GTEx:  ENSG00000142507  | |||||
Entity Groups | |||||
| Sequence Clusters | 30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity | ||||
| UniProt Group | P28072 | ||||
Sequence AnnotationsExpand | |||||
Reference Sequence | |||||
Entity ID: 6 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molecule | Chains | Sequence Length | Organism | Details | Image |
| Proteasome subunit beta type-7 | F [auth I], T [auth W] | 234 | Homo sapiens | Mutation(s): 0  EC: 3.4.25.1 | ![]() |
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources | |||||
PHAROS:  Q99436 GTEx:  ENSG00000136930  | |||||
Entity Groups | |||||
| Sequence Clusters | 30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity | ||||
| UniProt Group | Q99436 | ||||
Sequence AnnotationsExpand | |||||
Reference Sequence | |||||
Entity ID: 7 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molecule | Chains | Sequence Length | Organism | Details | Image |
| Proteasome subunit beta type-3 | G [auth J], U [auth X] | 205 | Homo sapiens | Mutation(s): 0  EC: 3.4.25.1 | ![]() |
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources | |||||
PHAROS:  P49720 GTEx:  ENSG00000277791  | |||||
Entity Groups | |||||
| Sequence Clusters | 30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity | ||||
| UniProt Group | P49720 | ||||
Sequence AnnotationsExpand | |||||
Reference Sequence | |||||
Entity ID: 8 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molecule | Chains | Sequence Length | Organism | Details | Image |
| Proteasome subunit beta type-2 | H [auth K], V [auth Y] | 201 | Homo sapiens | Mutation(s): 0  EC: 3.4.25.1 | ![]() |
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources | |||||
PHAROS:  P49721 GTEx:  ENSG00000126067  | |||||
Entity Groups | |||||
| Sequence Clusters | 30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity | ||||
| UniProt Group | P49721 | ||||
Sequence AnnotationsExpand | |||||
Reference Sequence | |||||
Entity ID: 9 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molecule | Chains | Sequence Length | Organism | Details | Image |
| Proteasome subunit beta type-5 | I [auth L], W [auth Z] | 204 | Homo sapiens | Mutation(s): 0  EC: 3.4.25.1 | ![]() |
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources | |||||
PHAROS:  P28074 GTEx:  ENSG00000100804  | |||||
Entity Groups | |||||
| Sequence Clusters | 30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity | ||||
| UniProt Group | P28074 | ||||
Sequence AnnotationsExpand | |||||
Reference Sequence | |||||
Entity ID: 10 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molecule | Chains | Sequence Length | Organism | Details | Image |
| Proteasome subunit beta type-1 | J [auth M], X [auth a] | 213 | Homo sapiens | Mutation(s): 0  | ![]() |
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources | |||||
PHAROS:  P20618 GTEx:  ENSG00000008018  | |||||
Entity Groups | |||||
| Sequence Clusters | 30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity | ||||
| UniProt Group | P20618 | ||||
Sequence AnnotationsExpand | |||||
Reference Sequence | |||||
Entity ID: 11 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molecule | Chains | Sequence Length | Organism | Details | Image |
| Proteasome subunit beta type-4 | K [auth N], Y [auth b] | 219 | Homo sapiens | Mutation(s): 0  | ![]() |
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources | |||||
PHAROS:  P28070 GTEx:  ENSG00000159377  | |||||
Entity Groups | |||||
| Sequence Clusters | 30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity | ||||
| UniProt Group | P28070 | ||||
Sequence AnnotationsExpand | |||||
Reference Sequence | |||||
Entity ID: 12 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molecule | Chains | Sequence Length | Organism | Details | Image |
| Proteasome subunit alpha type-4 | N [auth Q], Z [auth C] | 261 | Homo sapiens | Mutation(s): 0  | ![]() |
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources | |||||
PHAROS:  P25789 GTEx:  ENSG00000041357  | |||||
Entity Groups | |||||
| Sequence Clusters | 30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity | ||||
| UniProt Group | P25789 | ||||
Sequence AnnotationsExpand | |||||
Reference Sequence | |||||
Entity ID: 13 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molecule | Chains | Sequence Length | Organism | Details | Image |
| Isoform 3 of Proteasome subunit alpha-type 8 | AA [auth D], O [auth R] | 250 | Homo sapiens | Mutation(s): 0  | ![]() |
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources | |||||
PHAROS:  Q8TAA3 GTEx:  ENSG00000154611  | |||||
Entity Groups | |||||
| Sequence Clusters | 30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity | ||||
| UniProt Group | Q8TAA3-5 | ||||
Sequence AnnotationsExpand | |||||
Reference Sequence | |||||
Entity ID: 14 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molecule | Chains | Sequence Length | Organism | Details | Image |
| Proteasome subunit alpha type-5 | BA [auth E], P [auth S] | 241 | Homo sapiens | Mutation(s): 0  | ![]() |
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources | |||||
PHAROS:  P28066 GTEx:  ENSG00000143106  | |||||
Entity Groups | |||||
| Sequence Clusters | 30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity | ||||
| UniProt Group | P28066 | ||||
Sequence AnnotationsExpand | |||||
Reference Sequence | |||||
Entity ID: 15 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molecule | Chains | Sequence Length | Organism | Details | Image |
| Proteasome activator complex subunit 4 | CA [auth c] | 1,843 | Homo sapiens | Mutation(s): 0  | ![]() |
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources | |||||
PHAROS:  Q14997 GTEx:  ENSG00000068878  | |||||
Entity Groups | |||||
| Sequence Clusters | 30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity | ||||
| UniProt Group | Q14997 | ||||
Sequence AnnotationsExpand | |||||
Reference Sequence | |||||
| Ligands 1 Unique | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ID | Chains | Name / Formula / InChI Key | 2D Diagram | 3D Interactions | |
| IHP Download:Ideal Coordinates CCD File | DA [auth c] | INOSITOL HEXAKISPHOSPHATE C6 H18 O24 P6 IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-GPIVLXJGSA-N | |||
| Task | Software Package | Version |
|---|---|---|
| MODEL REFINEMENT | PHENIX | 2.0_5884 |
| RECONSTRUCTION | cryoSPARC | 4.4.1 |
| Funding Organization | Location | Grant Number |
|---|---|---|
| Medical Research Council (MRC, United Kingdom) | United Kingdom | MC_UP_1201/30 |